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TRAVEL REPORT
Burma (Myanmar)

1. RECENT UPDATES

The level of Travel Warning in this report has not changed.

Sections 4 and 6 have been updated (proof of yellow fever vaccination; hyperlink to information on malaria).

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2. WARNINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Burma (Myanmar)

Exercise normal security precautions

Exercise high degree of caution

Avoid non-essential travel

Avoid all travel

The political situation in Burma is volatile, and Canadians may find their security unexpectedly at risk.

On November 7, 2010, Burma will hold its first parliamentary elections since 1990. Enhanced security measures will be enforced by the military in the lead-up to the elections. Specific security measures, such as curfews, could be imposed at any time. Protests and demonstrations are illegal in Burma and should be avoided by Canadians. Freedom of speech is not recognised and political activities are not permitted, and the Burmese government suppresses any expression of opposition to its rule. Foreigners criticising the regime in public may be arrested or detained. In September 2007 sizable protests and demonstrations resulted in violence and mass arrests. Future civil unrest cannot be ruled out. Canadians should exercise caution, avoid concentrations of police and security forces, avoid election campaign groups or gatherings, and remain informed of current issues.

Police and security forces’ presence is likely to be increased in Rangoon (Yangon) and elsewhere in Burma on significant dates, including the possible release of opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi in late November, the anniversary of demonstrations led by monks to protest for political reform (26 September) and the anniversary of the 1988 uprising (8 August).  Bomb explosions have occurred throughout the country, including Rangoon.  Attacks have also occurred in areas frequented by tourists, including shopping centres, hotels and on public transport. On April 15, 2010, three bombs were detonated during traditional New Year festivities near Kandawgyi Lake in Rangoon. Several people were killed and many more were injured. Further attacks or violence could occur at any time and remain a risk throughout the country.

Regional Warning

Exercise normal security precautions

Exercise high degree of caution

Avoid non-essential travel

Avoid all travel

OFFICIAL WARNING: Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada advises against all travel to areas along the border with Thailand, China, and Laos due to clashes between the military and armed groups, ethnic conflict, banditry, and unmarked landmines in these areas which pose risks to the security of travellers.

OFFICIAL REGISTRATION RECOMMENDATION: We offer a registration service for all Canadians travelling or living abroad. This service is provided so that we can contact and assist you in an emergency abroad, such as a natural disaster or civil unrest, or inform you of a family emergency at home. Registration can be done on-line or by contacting a Canadian government office abroad. For more information, see our FAQs on Registration of Canadians Abroad.

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3. SAFETY AND SECURITY

The decision to travel is the sole responsibility of the traveller. Travellers are responsible for their own personal safety. The Government of Canada takes the safety and security of Canadians abroad very seriously and provides credible and timely advice in its Travel Reports. In the event of a crisis situation that requires evacuation, the Government of Canada’s policy is to provide safe transportation to the closest safe location. Canada will assist Canadians in leaving a country or a region as a last resort, when all means of commercial or personal transportation have been exhausted. This service is provided on a cost-recovery basis. Onward travel is at the individual’s personal expense. Situations vary from one location to another, and there may be constraints on government resources, which can limit the ability of the Government of Canada to provide assistance, particularly in countries or regions where the potential for violent conflict or political instability are high.

There is a heightened threat of terrorism throughout Southeast Asia, including in Burma.

Bomb explosions have occurred with increasing frequency throughout the country, including Rangoon (Yangon). On December 16, 2009, a bomb was detonated in Papun (Kayin state), killing at least 8 people and injuring many more. Sporadic anti-government insurgent activity has occurred in various locations. Exercise caution when travelling to Bao, Hinthada, Pyi, Taunggo, and Taunggyi. There have been instances of clashes between Buddhist monks and Muslims. Curfews are occasionally imposed.

Violent crime against foreigners is rare but does occur. There is also a risk of street crime, such as pickpocketing and mugging. Exercise a high degree of caution and ensure personal belongings, passports, and other travel documents are secured.

Tourist facilities are adequate in Bagan, Inle Lake, Mandalay, Ngapali beach, Rangoon, and Taunggyi, but limited elsewhere. Tourist facilities do not exist in the new capital, Naypyidaw, and there are reports of foreigners being deported after trying to visit Naypyidaw without permission. Infrastructure and facilities are severely limited in the Irrawaddy Delta area, which was extensively damaged by Tropical Cyclone Nargis in May 2008. Travel by foreigners is restricted in many areas of the country. Special permission is required for visits to certain areas. Foreigners can expect to pay several times more than locals for accommodations, domestic flights, and entry to tourist sites throughout the country.

Exercise caution at beach resorts in Ngwesaung, Chaungtha and Ngapali as there are strong underwater currents and riptides. There are no lifeguards and deaths due to drowning have occurred.

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4. ENTRY/EXIT REQUIREMENTS

It is the sole prerogative of each country or region to determine who is allowed to enter. All countries or regions have special requirements for persons intending to reside for extended periods (usually more than 90 days) or who plan to work, study, or engage in non-tourist activities. To obtain information on specific entry requirements, contact the nearest diplomatic or consular office of the destination(s) to be visited. Violations of entry and exit requirements may result in serious penalties.

The following information on entry and exit requirements has been confirmed with the authorities of Burma. However, these requirements are subject to change at any time. It is the traveller’s responsibility to check with the Embassy of the Union of Myanmar, for up-to-date information.

A valid Canadian passport is required for Canadians intending to visit Burma. The passport must be valid for at least six months beyond the date a visa is issued. A visa is required for tourism and business purposes. It can be obtained prior to travel at a Burmese diplomatic mission. The Burmese government has suspended the visa on arrival program, which previously allowed regular passport holders to obtain a visa on arrival at the Mandalay and Rangoon international airports. Travellers should carefully verify visa needs and options with the nearest Embassy of the Union of Myanmar before travelling.

Visas are rarely issued to journalists, some of whom have been denied entry when travelling to Burma on tourist visas. Journalists, and tourists mistaken for journalists, have been harassed. Some journalists have had film and notes confiscated upon leaving the country.

Travellers are advised to use the same port of entry (Yangon International Airport) to enter and exit Burma to avoid problems with immigration services.Travel to and within Burma is strictly controlled by the government. There are few land border crossing points and permission to cross these borders is required in advance; a process separate from the required visa application.  Some government authorized tour companies may be able to secure the appropriate permission from the Ministry of Hotels and Tourism.

Border crossings may close with little or no notice, and entry may be restricted to the nationals of the bordering states and/or to the immediate area or border town. Although travel to or from Burma via a land route is possible, please be advised that an official travel warning is in place against all travel to the border areas with Thailand, China, and Laos (see Section 2 above). The crossing points are the following:

• Tarchilek (Myanmar Shan State)-Mae Sai (Thailand Border)
• Muse (Myanmar Shan State)-Ruili (China Border)
• Tamu (Myanmar Chin State)-Morei (India Border)
• Kaw Thoung (Myanmar Tanintharyi)-Ranong (Thailand Border)

Proof of yellow fever immunization is required for those arriving from infected areas.

Tourist Visa: Required (valid for 28 days)
Business Visa: Required (multiple-entry business visas available)

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A Certificate of Canadian Citizenship is not a travel document. A Canadian passport is the only reliable and universally accepted travel and identification document available to Canadians for the purpose of international travel. Canadian citizens returning to Canada who present other documents, such as a Certificate of Canadian Citizenship, birth certificate, provincial driver’s licence, or foreign passport, instead of a Canadian passport, may face delays or be denied boarding by transport companies.

Selling, altering, or allowing another person to use your passport is a criminal offence. It could lead to the laying of charges and imprisonment if convicted. It could also lead to the denial of future passport services.

Special and diplomatic passport holders should verify all visa requirements for this and other destinations, as they may differ from those that apply to regular passport holders.

Any adult travelling with children may be required to show evidence of parental/custodial and/or access rights. Foreign and Canadian authorities may also require evidence that the adult has the consent of the parents, legal guardian, and/or the court to travel with the children. Some countries or regions may not permit children to enter or, in some cases, leave the country or region without proper documentation such as a letter of consent or a court order.

Although same-sex marriages are legal in Canada, many countries or regions do not recognize them. Attempting to enter as a same-sex married couple may result in refusal by local officials. For more information, contact the foreign government office accredited to Canada.

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5. CANADIAN GOVERNMENT CONTACTS

There is no resident Canadian government office in Burma. Canadians in Burma can obtain consular assistance and further information from the Australian Embassy in Rangoon (under the Canada-Australia Consular Services Sharing Agreement) at the following address:

Burma (Myanmar) - RANGOON (YANGON), Australian Embassy
Address: 88 Strand Road, Rangoon, Burma
Tel.: 95 (1) 251-810
Fax: 95 (1) 246-159
Internet: http:///www.burma.embassy.gov.au/rang/home.html

The Embassy of Canada in Bangkok, Thailand, has consular responsibility for Burma (Myanmar). The address is as follows:

Thailand - BANGKOK, Embassy of Canada
Address: 15th Floor, Abdulrahim Place, 990 Rama IV, Bangrak, Bangkok, 10500, Thailand
Postal Address: P.O. Box 2090, Bangkok, 10501
Tel.: 66 (0) 2636-0540
Emergency toll-free to Ottawa: 001-800-156-220-0142
Fax: 66 (0) 2636-0555
E-Mail: bngkk-cs@international.gc.ca
Internet: http://www.thailand.gc.ca

For emergency assistance after hours, call the Australian Embassy in Rangoon and follow the instructions. You may also make a collect call to the Department in Ottawa at 613-996-8885.

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6. TRAVEL HEALTH

The Public Health Agency of Canada and the World Health Organization (WHO) report on disease outbreaks that occur throughout the world. For the latest travel health advisories and related information, visit the Public Health Agency of Canada’s Travel Health Web site.

The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) recommends that travellers use personal protective measures against mosquito bites to prevent getting dengue fever. There is no vaccine or medication that protects against dengue. People experiencing flu-like symptoms are advised to seek medical attention immediately.

Malaria is a serious and occasionally fatal disease. It is caused by a parasite which is spread to humans by infected mosquitoes. There is no vaccine available against malaria. Travellers can reduce their risk by following the Public Health Agency of Canada’s recommendations.

The Public Health Agency of Canada strongly recommends that your travel plans include contacting a travel medicine clinic or physician six to eight weeks before departure. Based on your individual risk assessment, a health care professional can determine your need for immunizations and/or preventive medication and advise you on precautions to avoid disease. Travellers are reminded to ensure that their routine (childhood) immunizations (e.g., tetanus, diphtheria, polio, and measles) are up to date.

Standards of medical care may differ from those in Canada. Treatment may be expensive, and payment in advance may be required. Travellers are advised to arrange for medical insurance prior to departure. Prescription medications should be kept in the original container and packed in carry-on luggage.

The Public Health Agency of Canada also recommends that travellers who become sick or feel unwell on their return to Canada seek a medical assessment with their personal physician. Travellers should inform their physician that they have been travelling or living outside of Canada.

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7. ADDITIONAL HEALTH INFORMATION

Medical facilities are available in Rangoon but are very limited elsewhere. Doctors and hospitals may demand immediate cash payment for health services. Serious injuries may require medical evacuation. Emergency evacuations may cost tens of thousands of dollars. Travel insurance that includes evacuation services is highly recommended. Foreign prescription drugs are often counterfeit and are unsafe to use.

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8. LAWS AND CUSTOMS

You are subject to local laws. A serious violation may lead to a jail or death sentence. The sentence will be served in local prisons.

Canadians arrested or detained have the right to contact the responsible Canadian government office (embassy, high commission, etc.) listed in Section 5 above. Arresting officials have a responsibility to assist you in doing so. Canadian consular officials can provide a list of local lawyers upon request.

Dual nationality is not legally recognized, which may limit the ability of Canadian officials to provide consular services. Canadians should travel using their Canadian passport and present themselves as Canadian to foreign authorities at all times.

The Department publishes a booklet entitled Dual Citizenship: What Travellers Should Know, specifically targeted at Canadians with dual nationality.

The procedures required in legal proceedings or police investigations may be different from the procedures in force in the Canadian legal system. Canadians wishing to undertake such proceedings can expect to face long delays and additional efforts in order to resolve their case. The Government of Canada cannot intervene in ongoing legal proceedings in other countries or regions, unless requested to do so by local authorities. Such requests are rare.

Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking of illegal drugs are strict. Convicted offenders can face imprisonment or a death sentence.

Political activism and demonstrations, including the dissemination of printed materials, is illegal. Violations can result in severe penalties.

Customs officials strictly limit what is brought into the country. Customs regulations are restrictive and strictly enforced. Baggage may be searched upon arrival. It is illegal to enter/exit Burma with religious materials. Foreign currency in excess of US$2,000 must be declared upon arrival, failure to do so could result in imprisonment. In the past, importation of communications equipment such as mobile phones and laptop computers has been restricted. Laptop computers have been taken from tourists and held at the airport until their departure. Customs regulations on prohibited imports and exports are often unclear and can change. Further advice regarding import and export should be sought from the nearest Embassy or Consulate of the Union of Myanmar.

Telephone services are unreliable in Rangoon and are difficult to find in other areas. Long-distance calls can be extremely expensive. There are a few Internet cafes in Rangoon but they are costly and access to certain websites is restricted. Electronic communications, including email, may be monitored by local authorities.

A permit is required to purchase or possess cultural or archaeological artefacts. It is illegal to export gems. Foreigners have been arrested, searched, and imprisoned for attempting to take Burmese gems out of the country.

Photography of scenes or people which could be considered politically sensitive such as military installations, security personnel, or demonstrations is prohibited. Offenders could be arrested, deported, and have their equipment confiscated.

Common sense and discretion should be exercised in dress and behaviour, particularly when visiting religious sites. Visitors should dress conservatively and respect religious and social traditions to avoid offending local sensitivities.  Missionary activities and the importation of religious materials are illegal without the written permission from the Burmese authorities.

Homosexual activity is illegal.

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9. TRAVEL AND CURRENCY

Travel is restricted outside major cities to designated tourist areas only. Permission from local authorities is required to visit certain areas. Tourists trekking in remote parts of the country have experienced difficulties with military authorities, even after obtaining prior permission. Military checkpoints on roadways are common. Travellers must show their passport and valid visa at the airport, train stations, and hotels.

Landmines are a danger in Burma, particularly in border areas.

Do not travel on internal flights operated by Myanma Airways due to serious safety concerns. In 2008, Air Bagan, which is partially owned by Myanma Airways, experienced two serious passenger safety incidents. Myanma Airways should not be confused with Myanmar Airways International.

Railway equipment tends to be outdated and there have been fatal accidents.

The general condition of automobiles does not meet minimal international standards. Driving can be hazardous, especially after dark. Drivers have little regard for traffic regulations and do not follow safe-driving practices. It is common for pedestrians and livestock to walk on roads. A driver involved in any accident with a pedestrian is always at fault and is liable to be detained.

International Driving Permits are not recognized in Burma. It is illegal to drive without a Burmese driver’s licence.

See our FAQ on transportation in order to verify if national airlines meet safety standards.

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The currency is the kyat (MMK). Travellers should take enough cash to cover their expenses while in Burma. Credit cards and traveller’s cheques are rarely accepted. Cash advance or cheque-cashing services are not available. Only new and undamaged U.S. dollar bank notes or Foreign Exchange Certificates (FECs) are accepted for cash transactions. Other foreign currencies are not normally accepted. The Burmese government issues FECs, which have the same face value as the U.S. dollar. FECs can be exchanged for local currency, or used to pay for goods and services where FECs are the accepted forms of payment. It is illegal to exchange currency at unauthorized locations. Foreign currency in excess of US$2,000 must be declared upon arrival, and failure to do so could result in imprisonment. These procedures are subject to change without notice.

Please note that there are no Automated Banking Machine (ABM) facilities in Burma.

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10. NATURAL DISASTERS AND CLIMATE

The rainy (or monsoon) season extends from June to September in the southwest and December to April in the northeast. Severe rainstorms can cause flooding and landslides. Typhoons (tropical cyclones) usually occur between April and October. These storms can result in significant loss of life, extensive damage to infrastructure and can hamper the provision of essential services. Tropical Cyclone Nargis made landfall on the south-western coast of Burma on May 2, 2008 causing extensive damage and loss of life in the Irrawaddy Delta area. Travellers should keep informed of regional weather forecasts, avoid disaster areas and follow the advice of local authorities.

See our Global Issues page for information on typhoons and monsoons.

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11. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Returning to Canada

Traveller's Checklist

Health and Travel Insurance: Do not rely on your provincial health plan to cover all expenses if you get sick or are injured while abroad. It may cover nothing or only a portion of the costs. Understand the terms of your supplementary insurance policy. Some credit cards offer their holders health and travel insurance. Do not assume the card alone provides adequate coverage. Carry details of your insurance with you. Also, tell your travel agent, a friend or relative, and/or travelling companion how to contact your insurer. Get a detailed invoice from the doctor or hospital before you return to Canada. Always submit original receipts for any medical services or prescriptions received abroad. Most insurance companies will not accept copies or faxes.

Cancelling a scheduled trip abroad could cost you money. Before cancelling a scheduled trip, you should discuss the matter with your travel agent, your travel insurer, or the airline. The decision to travel is the sole responsibility of the traveller.

Adoption: Provincial and territorial authorities in Canada are responsible for authorizing international adoptions. If you are thinking of adopting a child abroad, you must first obtain information about the adoption regulations of the province or territory in which the child will reside. While adoption is a provincial/territorial responsibility, Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) is responsible for allowing an adopted child entry into Canada. Entry can be refused if the child does not hold the appropriate immigrant visa. A visa may be denied, even if the adoption has already been completed. For more information contact CIC at 1 888 242-2100 (in Canada only), check the CIC Web site or contact your provincial or territorial government.

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12. ANNEX

N/A

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